38^th World Congress on Pharmacology and Therapeutics August 11-12, 2023 Singapore City, Singapore

A particular class of antimicrobial agents that works against bacteria is an antibiotic. Antibiotic drugs are frequently employed in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections because they are the most effective type of antibacterial agent for doing so. You can eliminate bacteria or stop their growth. Only a few antibiotics also have antiprotozoal properties. Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, such as the common cold; instead, antiviral medications or antivirals are used to refer to drugs that inhibit viruses.

To define the mechanisms of drug action and how drugs affect the organism, biochemical pharmacology uses the techniques of biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and cell physiology in studies on intact animals, organs, cells, subcellular compartments, and individual protein molecules. The biochemical pharmacologist also studies how drugs can correct the biochemical abnormalities that cause human illness, enabling the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms that pave the way for further drug discovery. These investigations focus on how drugs can correct the biochemical abnormalities that cause human illness.

Biomedicine, Western medicine, mainstream medicine, and conventional medicine are other terms for bio-drugs. It is a subfield of medical research that integrates clinical practice with biological and physiological concepts. Bio-drugs are based on the standardized, evidence-based treatment that has been confirmed via biological research. Formally trained physicians, nurses, and other licensed practitioners deliver the medication.

Molecular biology, biotechnology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, Nanobiotechnology, biological engineering, laboratory medical biology, genetics, cytogenetics, gene therapy, systems biology, bioinformatics, biostatistics, microbiology, anatomy, toxicology, neuroscience, parasitology, virology, immunology, pathology, physiology, and many that usually concern with life sciences as applied to medicine.

A biological molecule is another name for a biomolecule. It's a phrase for molecules that are found in living things and are crucial to at least one common biological function, including cell division, morphogenesis, or development. It also comprises small molecules like the primary and secondary metabolites of natural products as well as other big macromolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

·         The four major types of biomolecules are nucleic acids carbohydrates, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Biotherapy Treatment for Cancer

·         Biological Response Modifiers Used

·         Radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine

·         Diagnostic radiopharmaceutical

·         Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Patient Education

·         Biotherapy in Wound Treatment

To define the mechanisms of drug action and how drugs affect the organism, biochemical pharmacology uses the techniques of biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and cell physiology in studies on intact animals, organs, cells, subcellular compartments, and individual protein molecules. The biochemical pharmacologist also studies how drugs can correct the biochemical abnormalities that cause human illness, enabling the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms that pave the way for further drug discovery. These investigations focus on how drugs can correct the biochemical abnormalities that cause human illness.

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One of the cornerstones of evidence-based clinical practice is statistical analysis, which is essential for both performing new clinical research and assessing and using earlier studies. In this article, we go over how to choose statistical methods, how to analyze how variables are related, and how to employ these methods while the clinical processes under study are still in progress. We go over how to create predictive models for use in clinical settings, how to judge these models' stability, and other quantitative findings. Techniques used with events in a causal chain or that are somehow linked are distinct from those used with independent occurrences. The focus then shifts to study design, selecting the appropriate sample size for a particular comparison, and statistically unfavorable investigations.

Cardiovascular pharmacology examines how medications affect the heart or circulatory system. It primarily adds to the safety profile of possible new medications and offers pharmacological information that may be utilized to optimize subsequent compounds and ultimately choose those that are suitable for clinical development. The three basic ways that cardiac medications impact heart function are as follows. They may have an impact on the heart's ability to contract forcefully (inotropic effects), the pace or frequency of heartbeats (chronotropic effects), or the regularity of heartbeats (outotropic effects) (rhythmic effects).

The concept of "ecopharmacovigilance" (EPV) has attracted fresh interest in a setting of severe pharmaceutical pollution. It strives to make sure that severe environmental problems linked to pharmaceuticals in the environment are quickly detected and properly treated. Regulations controlling the thorough environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals are in place in Europe and North America, where EPV has emerged as a research hotspot as a comprehensive and frontier science. Due to the rapid growth of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry and medication consumption, China should assume more international responsibility and support the global EPV. EPV in China is still in its infancy in comparison to the west.

Every pharmaceutical researcher has experienced it. That elusive molecule must exist somewhere; it must be able to do what is desired while both inhibiting the desired enzyme and activating the desired receptor. But discovering it is another story. Picking out potential candidates from the enormous pool of available natural and synthetic molecules requires time-consuming and expensive screening for small-molecule medications, which are the backbone of the pharmaceutical business. A vast number of compounds are routinely screened as part of the first step in the drug development process to see whether they have the necessary biochemical or cellular properties. There are always new methods being developed to make this screening quicker, more effective, and less expensive.

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A growing number of nations, including Austria, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United States, and the UK, conduct drug safety testing. In contrast to do-it-yourself kits that are unable to identify numerous pollutants or strengths, this briefing describes testing utilizing sophisticated analytical equipment. A growing number of nations, including Austria, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United States, and the UK, conduct drug safety testing. In contrast to do-it-yourself kits that are unable to identify numerous pollutants or strengths, this briefing describes testing utilizing sophisticated analytical equipment.

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A bimonthly peer-reviewed medical magazine called Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology includes preclinical and clinical research on the regulatory effects of diverse substances on immune-competent cells as well as the immunotoxicity caused by xenobiotics and medications. Consequently, the magazine covers a wide variety of illnesses (e.g. acute and chronic infections, allergies, autoimmunity, cancer, degenerative disorders, inflammation, and primary and secondary immunodeficiencies).

The scientific field of pharmacology examines how medications affect living things (pharmacodynamics) and how those same living things interact with those drugs (pharmacokinetics). This topic covers the structure and behavior of drugs as well as their interactions, toxicity, therapeutic applications, and antipathogenic qualities. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the two subcategories of pharmacology that were previously discussed. Chemical interactions with body/cell receptors are the subject of pharmacodynamics. Contrarily, pharmacokinetics examines the four processes by which drugs move through the body: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

Preclinical development, also known as preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a phase of drug development that starts before clinical trials (testing on humans) can start. It is during this phase that crucial feasibility, iterative testing, and drug safety data are gathered.

Determining the safe dose for the first-in-man study and evaluating a product's safety profile are the primary objectives of pre-clinical research. Products could include novel pharmaceuticals, medical devices, gene therapy treatments, and diagnostic equipment.

Only one out of every 5,000 molecules that start drug research and advance to the preclinical stage of development end up being authorized drugs.

The study of an organism's entire genome, which incorporates parts of genetics, is called genomics. The structure and function of genomes are sequenced, assembled, and examined using a combination of recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing techniques, and bioinformatics.

The study of how genes affect how an individual responds to drugs is known as pharmacogenomics. This relatively new area combines the study of genes and their roles with pharmacology, the science of pharmaceuticals, to create effective, safe medications and dosages that are tailored to an individual's genetic profile. In order to achieve maximal effectiveness with a minimum of side effects, it seeks to establish logical methods to optimize pharmacological therapy with respect to the patient's genotype.

• 
  Genetics & Genetic Engineering


• 
  Drug Metabolism


• 
  Pharmacogenetics and Genomics

Understanding pharmacovigilance and its significance helps people understand how it affects patient welfare and public health as well as what it is. In this track, the role of pharmacovigilance in the healthcare system is briefly discussed. The laws and regulations governing the practice of pharmacovigilance are outlined in pharmacovigilance legislation. Pharmacovigilance system enhancement is essential for maintaining safety data, detecting and evaluating drug safety signals through manual reporting, and reporting from medical devices. Pharmacovigilance scope also includes pharmacoenvironmentology, herbal medicine pharmacovigilance, and ecopharmacovigilance (EPV).

Pharmacogenomics refers to how the total set of qualities (the genome) will affect how people react to medications, while pharmacogenetics refers to how variation in a particular quality affects the response to a specific treatment. It is obvious that mutagenicity and cancer-causing properties are related. Understanding the specificity of mutagenic agents in microbes leads to an instant understanding of how environmental mutagenic agents contribute to the development of malignant tumors in humans.

·         Epigenetics

·         Cancer pharmacogenetics

·         Genomic therapy

·         Pharmacogenetic approach involved in modulating cell processes

·        Genome-enabled biochemistry

·         Pharmacogenomics & human genomics

The study of life sciences has a direct impact on the pharmaceutical and toxicological industries since it leads to the development of prescription medications, vaccinations, and over-the-counter medicines. Clinical research is done to ensure that newly created products are tested on how well they work on people who have the illnesses or disorders they are meant to treat.

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As part of an IND-enabling program, safety pharmacology analyses are a crucial step in determining the acute and potentially fatal dangers of new medications. Studies on second-tier safety pharmacology can be utilized to assess potential negative effects on organ systems like the renal and gastrointestinal systems as well as mechanistic effects on essential processes.

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·         Polymers in Drug delivery

·         Smart Materials For Drug Delivery

·         Drug Delivery Vehicles

·         Biomaterials in Drug Delivery

Any substance that, when consumed or absorbed into the living body, has a physiological effect is a therapeutic drug. Any substrate that is employed in the drug delivery process that helps to increase the selectivity, efficacy, and safety of drug administration is referred to as a drug carrier.

Types of Drug carrier systems include:

·         Microspheres

·         Nanoparticles

·         Liposomes

·         Emulsions

·         Cellular carriers

·         Nanoparticles

·         Microcapsules

·         Aquasomes